the core of a differntiated asteroid, now broken up. Ices condensed only in the outer solar system, where some icy planetesimals grew large enough to attract gas from the nebula, while only metal and rock condensed in the inner solar system, making terrestrial . a. a micrometeorite impact. The extrasolar planets are found mainly by observing the ________ shifts of their stars. E) short period comets. C) toward the Sun and disappears at perihelion. D) the core of a differentiated asteroid, now broken up. It is believed that the. How Does the Interstellar Medium Help Form Stars? Are generally small, rocky bodies sharing many similarities and also differences. For example, there is the problem of tilted axes. Thousands of exoplanets have been identified in the last twenty years, with, at the very least, billions more, within our observable universe, yet to be discovered. The Pacific Ocean appears to be a large crater, probably the one made by the giant impact. sixty degrees ahead or behind jupiter, sharing its orbit about the sun, The most distant objects in our solar system are [61] As a result, the number of terrestrial planets will decrease and they will be more massive. [67], Giant planet core formation is thought to proceed roughly along the lines of the terrestrial planet formation. A. C) A comet's tail never points perpendicular to its motion. Updates? I highly recommend you use this site! We have written many articles about the Solar System here at Universe Today. d. closer on average to the Sun than is the Earth Omissions? c. only Jupiter That blows a 2nd generation of large bubbles with massive, compressed shells, The shells would lead to a 3d generation of ~ 500 1000 stars of Sun size or less. In the most elaborate model which makes Earth isotope measurements easiest to predict, by free coupling the processes, the 1st generation of super massive stars would go supernova in 1-10 million years. by star infall or radiation pressure flow outwards, before they are finished. All ________ planets have rings around their equators. A) more rocky. D) most exoplanets are smaller than Pluto. The planet will probably have a radius of around five to 10 times greater than Earth's. III. should be a common result of star formation. Earth's interaction with a comet's dust tail The planets are of two different types. Gravitational scattering by other planets onto eccentric orbits with a perihelion near the star followed by the circularization of its orbit due to tidal interactions with the star can leave a planet on a close orbit. C) the Moon. d. IF In the area closer to the sun, where temperatures were higher, condensation of matter occurred which led to the formation of telluric planets, terrestrial or interior. The generally accepted model for the formation of the solar system is called the nebular hypothesis. It takes all the different kinds of information and merges them into one hypothesis that seems to match all the observations. As we learn more about neighboring star systems and explore more of the cosmos, our models are likely to mature further. That blows a 1st geeration of large bubbles with massive, compressed shells that are seeded with supernova elements, as we see Earth started out with. A) large ones may cause mass extinctions. A) close to or at aphelion. We expect other solar systems to be common because while we feel that our solar system is unique or special, we also do not want to consider ourselves alone in the universe. Convection Zone of the Sun Overview & Process | How Hot is the Center of the Sun? [71], Giant planets can significantly influence terrestrial planet formation. C) are evenly spaced throughout the solar system. For more information, be sure to check out the origin of the Solar System and how the Sun and planets formed. In addition to revolving around the Sun counter clockwise, most planets also rotate on their axis IV. d. the velocity of the comet all of the above cleared the nebula But, with no container and no gravity, what is the natural shape of a blob of water? large asteroid impacting the Yucatan peninsula area, Meteor showers are the result of collisions between asteroids, Carbonaceous asteroids contain fragile organic molecules. A body in orbit about a planet is a ________. 98% hydrogen and helium, 2% everything else. e. PF5\mathrm{PF}_5PF5 Both terrestrial and Jovian planets make up our solar system. The ________ planets are large bodies in the outer solar system with compositions like the Sun's. According to the nebular theory, how did the solar system form? By this time we would no longer have a disorganized heap of gas and dust and would have a discoid structure with a thickening in the center. Support comes from observations at infrared and radio wavelengths, which have revealed disks of matter around young stars. The ________ Belt bodies orbit beyond Neptune, but like the planets stay close to the C) loses angular momentum. The resonant orbits of some of the exoplanet systems indicates that some migration occurred in these systems, while the spacing of the orbits in many of the other systems not in resonance indicates that an instability likely occurred in those systems after the dissipation of the gas disk. I feel like its a lifeline. This diagram represents the solar nebula early in its history and shows the location of the frost line. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. C) are shorter than the 76-year period for Comet Halley. Now scientists have come up with grain collapse scenarios, where grains start to follow each other for reasons of gravity and viscous properties of the disk, I think. B) the great nebula found just below the belt stars of Orion. However, there are some salient points that I think I have picked up earlier: something happened that caused the cloud to collapse. The migration of the super-Earths, or the embryos that collided to form them, is likely to have been Type I due to their smaller mass. What is the primary reason that astronomers suspect that some jovian moons were captured into their current orbits? The sun and planets formed from a single cloud that was slowly rotating. However, the minimum mass nebula capable of terrestrial planet formation can only form 12MEarth cores at the distance of Jupiter (5AU) within 10million years. [78] Alternatively gas accretion may be limited due to the envelopes not being in hydrostatic equilibrium, instead gas may flow through the envelope slowing its growth and delaying the onset of runaway gas accretion until the mass of the core reaches 15 Earth masses. E) Saturn has the same density as water. Which of the following are the jovian planets? B) the Trojan asteroids. What is true about solar system densities? As the solar nebula contracts, it Long-period comets are believed to originally come from If the mergers happen after the gas disk dissipates terrestrial planets can form, if in a transition disk a super-Earth with a gas envelope containing a few percent of its mass may form. Most of the planets found orbiting other stars are similar to Jupiter, but ________ in temperature. Meteorites are important because_ This states that the solar system developed out of an interstellar cloud of dust and gas, called a nebula . d) will revolve opposite the star's rotation. D) where the ecliptic is. B) cools due to condensation. B) they contain pristine material from the solar nebula. We say that the shape of a liquid is the same as the shape of its container. [19], In addition, the giant planets probably had accretion disks of their own, in the first meaning of the word. 2. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. a chunk of space debris that has struck the ground. According to modern science, where did these elements come from? The planets formed by accretion from this disc, in which dust and gas gravitated together and coalesced to form ever larger bodies. At this point, the Sun became a main-sequence star. [73] The orbits of many of these planets and systems of planets differ significantly from the planets in the Solar System. Within 50 million years, the pressure and density of hydrogen in the center of the protostar became great enough for it to begin thermonuclear fusion. I. According to current theory, the formation of the planets of our solar system occurred as a result of collisions between increasingly large bodies of matter within a flattened cloud of matter circling the early Sun, known as a protoplanetary disk. The catastrophic hypothesis is a hypothesis that states that our solar system formed thanks to a sudden and improbable event such as the collision of two stars. B) most asteroids According to the Solar Nebula theory, planets: a. should be a common result of star formation b. should orbit perpendicular to their star's equator c. should be randomly oriented to their stars equator d. will resolve opposite the star's rotation e. should be extremely rare a. should be a common result of star fomration Stages that occurred during the formation of our solar system in order: surfaces dramatically altered during the heavy bombardment. a. true what is now called Laplaces nebular hypothesis, a theory of the origin of the solar system. It shows an actual disk of material orbiting another star, providing strong evidence the planets really do form in such disks. So, as the sun formed, the planets formed from these ingredients. Which is the process that cleared the solar nebula away and ended planet building? B) Dawn. Suppose that x, y, z, and w are int variables, and x = 3, y = 4, z = 7, and w = 1.What is the output of the following statements? E) a broken up cometary nucleus. c. weight per square inch Most of the extrasolar planets found so far were detected by A) Their images become blurry due to outgassing as the Sun heats them up. Name the four principal types of solar-system debris; pair them up in terms of composition, Asteroids: Large chunks of metals and rock primarily formed between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt, Metereoroids: A meteoroid is a small rocky or metallic body in outer space. Baker, Gregory L. "Emanuel Swenborg an 18th century cosomologist". B) The denser planets lie closer to the Sun. [63] Mars and Mercury may be regarded as remaining embryos that survived that rivalry. E) weight per square inch. So the transition from the geocentric view and eternal state the way things are evolved with appreciation of dinosaurs and plate tectonics too and then refining the nebular idea the Nice model the Grand Tack model alittle more? B) terrestrials with very elongated, distant orbits like comets. A) cometary debris. Meteor showers are caused by an interaction between a planet and debris from a comet trail. An interesting problem for terrestrial planets is the meter size problem (IIRC the name). b. mass times weight A) the crust of a differentiated asteroid, now broken up. The ices that formed these planets were more plentiful than the metals and silicates that formed the terrestrial inner planets, allowing them to grow massive enough to capture large atmospheres of hydrogen and helium. , a geographic information system (gis) can integrate maps and database data with queries. Proto-Sol is formed. Abe Mizrahi, Edward E. Prather, Gina Brissenden, Jeff P. Adams, Jeffrey O. Bennett, Mark Voit, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas O. Schneider, Foundations of Astronomy plus The Night Sky Planisphere - Latitude 30- 40. Describe two ways of detecting extrasolar planets. This website helped me pass! A meteorite is Describe the function(s) of the placenta. A) Mars. A) Saturn. D) flattens out into the ecliptic plane around the Sun's poles. According to the nebular hypothesis, part of an interstellar cloud of dust and gas underwent gravitational collapse to form a primeval solar nebula. The ________ Belt bodies orbit beyond Neptune, but like the planets stay close to the ecliptic plane and in fairly circular orbits. The solar nebular theory has been supported by observation of dusty disks around the B) the asteroid Mathilde. The nebula theoryis the most generally accepted evolutionary model for formation of the solar systemfrom a cloud of gas and dust particles known as a nebula. By Robert Hazen, Ph.D. , George Mason University. d. both A and B are correct Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Possible Mercury bit at least Earth and Mars (and Moon) show late great impacts. The solar wind mass outflow carries angular momentum away from the sun AND the sun's magnetic field drags material out in the solar system, transferring angular momentum outward. Why do we expect other solar systems to be common? The Manicouagan reservoir near Quebec is an example of A similar model, but with the planets being formed before the Sun, was proposed by the French astronomer and mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1796. Some Properties of the solar nebula : - counterclockwise rotation while condensing - the condensing nebula flattened out around the ecliptic ( the plane of the sun's equator) - the nebulas are formed as concentric rings (circle) Similar properties in planets : - all planets orbit the sun in counterclockwise direction In the solar nebular theory, the dusty disk condensing around the Sun's equator became the b. false, Density is defined as: Question: Our solar system was created from a dust and gas cloud called the solar nebula. Researchers estimate that there is more total mass in the Kuiper Belt than in the asteroid bel, Some meteorites are believed to have come from Mars and the Moon, As a rotating gas cloud contracts, it spins faster. Swedish philosopher Emanuel Swedenborg in 1734 proposed that the planets formed out of a nebular crust that had surrounded the Sun and then broken apart. Therefore, leading many to assume that there are numerous solar systems to be discovered. During the late 19th century the Kant-Laplace views were criticized by the British physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who showed that, if all the matter contained in the known planets had once been distributed around the Sun in the form of a disk, the shearing forces of differential rotation would have prevented the condensation of individual planets. A) Gaspra. The appearance and composition of these meteorites is just what we'd expect if metal and rock condensed and accreted as the nebular theory suggests. [61] Some of the embryos, which originated in the asteroid belt, are thought to have brought water to Earth. B) more cratered. Due to compression, the center of the nebula heats up and begins to glow. Which of the following did not occur during the collapse of the solar nebula? The first spacecraft to land on the surface of an asteroid was named E) all have rings around their equators. In composition, the ________ planets have rocky materials like the asteroids. So far, beyond the solar system the extrasolar planets found have been mostly: b. large jovians very close to theiri star. Laplace theorized that the Sun originally had an extended hot atmosphere throughout the Solar System, and that this protostar cloud cooled and contracted. As a rotating gas cloud contracts, it spins A) a streak of light in the atmosphere. Due to compression, the center of the nebula heats up and begins to glow. In essence, this theory states that the Sun, the planets, and all other. C) caused by the Earth passing near the orbit of an old short-period comet. C) asteroids in the main belt Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). For several decades most astronomers preferred the so-called collision theory, in which the planets were considered to have been formed as a result of a close approach to the Sun by some other star. E) a large meteorite impact. This could have been the result of a passing star, or shock waves from a supernova, but the end result was a gravitational collapse at the center of the cloud. According to the nebular theory, why did terrestrial planets form in the inner solar system and jovian planets in the outer solar system? D) in the Oort Cloud. Nice overview, and I learned a lot. [65] In such a region, eccentricities of embryos may become so large that the embryos pass close to a giant planet, which may cause them to be ejected from the system. b. a few kilometers in size, and very low in density. C) the jovians. E) all planets condensed from the same nebula, and have similar compositions. B) faster due to an increase in angular momentum. f. P2O5\mathrm{P}_2 \mathrm{O}_5P2O5. While the paleontologists are still duking it out, the astronomers seemed to have figured out what caused the formation of the solar system. The latter case corresponds to the so-called hot Jupiters, which are likely to have stopped their migration when they reached the inner hole in the protoplanetary disk. C) Ida. The most detailed look we've had of an asteroid comes from C) mass times weight. d. the interstellar medium. E) meteoroids. It's not as bright as a star because it's not undergoing thermonuclear fusion, with the tremendous release of energy that accompanies that process.
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