Reuel then gave Moses Zipporah as his wife (Exodus 2:1121). Yah will give us a new heart and blissful peace (1 Corinthians 2:9). There is no information about how Zipporah felt about it, and she is still a mystery in many ways. Shalom. The Lord has already spoken with many prophets, and with us as well, but we did not abstain from our spouses as Moses has done (Sifrei Zuta 12:1). Now we know that Moses was married to Adoniah (Tharbis), by just simply understanding the history of Israel, we can say that Moses was married twice. This is the first time I have heard that Moses had an Ethiopian wife! and to be the occasion of the great danger the Ethiopians were in, when they had before boasted of their great achievements, she fell deeply in love with him; and upon the prevalency of that passion, sent to him the most faithful of all her servants to discourse with him about their marriage. His name is Midian, which made him the forefather of the Midianites. Race of Moses' Wife - Bible Study [14][15][16][17][18] Moses was allowed to wed Zipporah after helping save Jethro's daughters and their flock from competing herdsmen. Here's a scripture that shows that Reuel (Jethro) Zipporah's father was a Midianite. 2 And she bare him Zimran, and Jokshan, and Medan, and Midian, and Ishbak, and Shuah. Parents share responsibility for raising their children: The incident at the inn where Zipporah circumcised their son is difficult to understand, especially in a modern context. Who was Moses' wife? This exegesis explains why only one of Mosess sons was uncircumcised, and why they were not in such mortal danger immediately after his birth, but only after they had left Jethros home and were released from his vow. Pardes, Ilana. Eventually they will walk their own path. Well, Heavenly Father has something in store for me that I cant see right now, I have faith in that. [21] This view has been used to represent an element of the special relationship between Israeli Jews and Druze.[22]. This criticism displeases God, who punishes Miriam with Tzaraath (often glossed as leprosy). Invite him for supper to break bread." Who Was Zipporah in the Bible - Moses' Wife Story - Crosswalk.com Cush being another name for Ethiopia. [13]:248,253254, In the Druze religion, Zipporah's father Jethro is revered as the spiritual founder, chief prophet, and ancestor of all Druze. This is something that Ive always wondered about, because when I checked the background of Moses wife I never found this to be true. Jacob was alone and wrestled with the angel all night; Moses is with his wife, who comes to his rescue. God hates divorce, and wants strong marriages, and communication is part of that. 41 And he read it and stretched forth his hand and he plucked it like a forest tree from the thicket, and the stick was in his hand. The Midianites themselves were later on depicted at times in non-Biblical sources as dark-skinned and called Kushim, a Hebrew word used for dark-skinned Africans. Unlike the human tendency to want or expect perfection in religious heroes, historic Judaism simply asked that its heroes do more good than evil. 2 And all the children of Cush loved Moses all the days that he reigned over them, and all the inhabitants of the land of Cush were greatly afraid of him. Other interpreters see the Cushite woman as a second wife, with Miriam and Aaron opposed to the marriage. God used her to be a mother, a partner, and preserved her memory in His Word. All these were the children of Keturah. Some people believe that the "Cushite woman" the text referred to whom Moses married was not a second wife, but Zipporah (via My Jewish Learning). Does God Really Work All Things Together for Good? Regardless of which parent failed to have their son circumcised, both had to confront this choice later in life, and Gershom paid a price for that. Rabbah 5:5). [6] The idea that Moses separated from Zipporah could be adduced from the description of Jethro bringing Moses his wife, "after she had been sent home" ( ) in Exod. [6][7][8] In the story, Aaron and Miriam criticize Moses' marriage to a Cushite woman. All rights reserved. 2021 23 Jul The wife of Moses is named Zipporah. She became the mother of Gershom and Eliezer, Moses' children. 17K views, 519 likes, 455 loves, 3.7K comments, 232 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from EWTN: Starting at 8 a.m. Additionally, those living in ancient Israel had to be circumcised if they wished to partake of the Passover (Leviticus 25:45 - 46, Exodus 12:43, 45). My wife left me, and after 5 months of wrestling with God, and much turmoil (I know there is more grieving still to be done), and a several-hour prayer last night, I woke up this morning with that song from The Prince of Egypt in my head, all Ive ever wanted. I know its an animated film and not 100% accurate (it might not even be 10% accurate, who knows), but Ive been wrestling with the fact that I covenanted to this woman, had 4 kids with her, was happier than I ever thought possible, then bam, without warning shes gone. "the written Torah." The woman is not named. They had several rough patches in their marriage in part because of Moses devotion to his responsibilities. Some women are beautiful to others but not to their husband, and there are women who are beautiful to their husband but not to others; while Zipporah was lovely in the eyes of her husband and of everyone who beheld her (Midrash Tehillim 7:18). 4:24). She and her husband have lived all over the country serving their Lord and Savior in ministry. Moses had married Zipporahone of the seven daughters of Jethro, the priest of Midianwhen he fled from Egypt after slaying an Egyptian taskmaster (see Exod. From the day that God spoke to Moses your brother, he has not lain with me. Miriam immediately went to Aaron, and the two discussed the matter. Moses fled to Midian, which is in modern-day Saudi Arabia. In another midrashic account, Jethro agreed to the marriage between Moses and Zipporah on condition that their firstborn would be an idolater (see below). Episode 91: Israel at 75: Voices of Protest. During his education he learned somehow that he was a Hebrew, and his sense of concern and curiosity impelled him to visit his people. Their son did. The Rabbis interpret the vague wording of the verse in different ways. But I will harden his heart, so that he will not let the people go. Midrashic tradition assumed they were discussing Moses neglect of Zipporah. 44 And the stick came down to Noah and was given to Shem and his descendants, until it came into the hand of Abraham the Hebrew. Despite the difficulties in their relationship, Moses and Zipporah did have two children and were married for decades before he went back to Egypt. [3] In Exodus 2:18, Jethro is also referred to as Reuel, and in the Book of Judges (Judges 4:11) as Hobab. Most. So everybody naturally assumes that she was the Ethiopian. Article Images Copyright 2023 Getty Images unless otherwise indicated. On the road, they stayed at an inn, where God came to kill Moses. [9][10] One interpretation is that the wife is Zipporah, and that she was referred to as a Cushite though she was a Midianite, because of her beauty. After the exodus, her father, the priest of Midian (here called Jethro), comes to visit Moses, bringing Zipporah and her two sons. Throughout the Pentateuch, Moses's wife is identified as Zipporah, a Midianite woman and the daughter of Jethro, the priest of Midian (Exodus 2:21; 3:1). Mosess hope that his family would be present at the Giving of the Torah would nonetheless be realized, because the Torah tells of their reunion in Ex. 31 December 1999. 40 And he approached the stick and he looked, and behold the name of the Lord God of hosts was engraved thereon, written and developed upon the stick. Testamentum 36 (1986): 447461. 43 And when God had driven Adam from the garden of Eden, he took the stick in his hand and went and tilled the ground from which he was taken. He was instrumental in getting back the Ethiopian castle after it was abducted by Balaam the Magician and his two sons. How old was Zipporah when she married Moses and how many years passed Some women are beautiful in their youth but are repulsive in their old age. 18:2). However, Zipporah is shown as fiercely devoted to her husband, even though he neglects her. Moses neglect of Zipporah is obvious, as he (not God) tells the men at Sinai not to approach any women in preparation for Gods approach in three days(Exod 19:2). In a third tradition, the initiative to marry Zipporah came from Moses himself. Josephus was a devout Jew, who lived just after the death of the Messiah, he had knowledge of all the historical information about Israel. While she is introduced early in Exodus, very little is said about her. Exodus 18:2-5. There are some people in the Bible whose lives we only see in bits and pieces, and Zipporah is one of those figures. "Zipporah: Bible." She may be Zipporah, the known wife of Moses (Exod 2:21, 18:2), or another woman. Moses and Zipporah would have been married for over 40 years by this time, and it is unlikely that Moses' siblings would just then be protesting. While most people would feel grateful when a person saves their lives, Moses didn't seem to appreciate it. Answer Zipporah in the Bible was the wife of Moses and the daughter of Jethro, the priest of Midian. of Moses first wife was Adoniah (Tharbis) and his second wife was Zipporah. It is unclear whether she remained with Moses or returned to Midian. Just as Joseph was a Hebrew, with his wife being and Egyptian, yet his sons Ephraim and Manasseh, were Israelites due to their father's line. God then left Moses alone (Exodus 4:2426). 47 Also when he went down to Egypt he took it into his hand and gave it to Joseph, one portion above his brethren, for Jacob had taken it by force from his brother Esau. She heroically saved Moses from an attack by circumcising her son. Help us elevate the voices of Jewish women. Behind him to his right stands his wife, a black womanpossibly Zipporah. InNum 12:1Miriamand Aaron speak against Moses because of the Cushite woman whom he married, but they do not mention her name. Most focus on the clear teaching that Moses married Zipporah, a Midianite, during his 40 years in the wilderness (having fled from the presence of Pharaoh). When the daughters of Reuel, a Midianite priest, were being harassed, Moses helped them. In Hebrew, her name means "bird" or "little bird.". Book of Numbers 12:1 states that Moses was criticized by his older siblings for having married a "Cushite woman", Aethiopissa in the Latin Vulgate Bible version. WHO WAS MOSES' WIFE? (Numbers 12:1) | Perry Stone Ministries After having performed this rite, Zipporah says (v. 26): A bridegroom of blood because of the circumcision [la-mulot, in the plural], from which the Rabbis deduced two elements of the circumcision procedure: periah (uncovering the corona) and zizin (the shreds of the corona, that invalidate the circumcision) (JT Nedarim 3:9, 38b; Deut. Gen. 17:13 states they must be circumcised [ha-yimol yimol, literally, he who is circumcised shall circumcise], from which the Rabbis deduced that only one who is circumcised may circumcise others. When YHWH commissions Moses to return to Egypt and free the Israelites from bondage, Moses takes Zipporah with him, at least part of the way (Exod 4:20, 24-26). Thank you!!!!! [citation needed], Moses' wife is referred to as a "Cushite woman" in Numbers 12. Instead, she was a married single for the rest of her life. 2:21). A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 22:54. Let us know. He read the symbols on it, extended his hand, and took it. Zipporah, or Tzipora (/zpr, zpr/; Hebrew: , ippr, "bird"),[a] is mentioned in the Book of Exodus as the wife of Moses, and the daughter of Reuel/Jethro, the priest and prince of Midian.[2]. Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women. Moses' Kushite Wife Was Zipporah the Midianite - TheTorah.com He puts her in a group of what he calls "notable and sainted Ethiopians". The last time the Bible mentions Zipporah is when she is at Mount Horeb with her family, according to Daily Journal. He meets the seven daughters of Reuel, priest of Midian, at a well; rescues them from shepherds who are harassing them; and fills their jugs with water. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Ex. Forty years passed, and God called Moses back to Egypt to deliver Israel. The Truth About Moses' Wife Zipporah - Grunge (Viewed on May 1, 2023) . 42 And this is the stick with which all the works of our God were performed, after he had created heaven and earth, and all the host of them, seas, rivers and all their fishes. 4:2728). What mattered was whether the "stranger" or non-Israelite was willing to be obedient to God's laws and thus become a citizen of Israel. This is powerful, No correction Abraham is a descendant of Moses, Glad you appreciate the story. In the Book of Chronicles, two of her grandsons are mentioned: Shebuel, son of Gershom; and Rehabiah, son of Eliezer (1 Chronicles 23:1617). 1920). This passage can be difficult to understand, and different thinkers and theologians have various interpretations of what happened here. When Moses fled from Egypt to the land of Midian, he met Jethro's seven daughters, who were having some trouble getting enough water for their flocks ( Exodus 2 ). An important history book to read is called The works of Josephus I, inside the book we are given more clarity. That Bloody Bridegroom (Exodus 4:2426). Vetus Wm. Why Does God Compare Our Relationship with Him to That of a Bride and Groom? How To Worship God: What Is Spirit And What Is Truth? Thank you! So the answer to the question, whether or not Moses married an Ethiopian has been answered, and the answer is, Yes! Like me, they never knew about Adoniah (Tharbis). Moses' Cushite Wife | Dr. Claude Mariottini - Professor of Old Testament Zipporahs enigmatic statement has two possible explanations: she flings the foreskin atMosessfeet, saying, You are a bridegroom of blood to me (NRSV), or she flings it atGodsfeet, saying, You are a blood father-in-law to me.(Damimmeans blood, andhatancan mean either bridegroom or father-in-law.) Either way, her deed and words stop the attack. When we read the bible we see mention of the book of Jasher quoted above, which gives credence to its authority (Joshua 10:13, 2 Samuel 1:18). If the Rabbis identify the Cushite woman with Zipporah, and the word Cushite describes her positive qualities (her beauty and her deeds), what flaw did Miriam and Aaron find in her when they spoke against Moses (Num. Now Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, had taken Zipporah, Moses' wife, after he had sent her home, along with her two sons. If we dont study then were only left with half the truth. How can we know which is correct? 7th District AME Church: God First Holy Conference 2023 - Facebook In the book of Jasher Moses was made king after the death of the Ethiopian King Kikianus death: 34 And they wished to choose on that day a man for king from the army of Kikianus, and they found no object of their choice like Moses to reign over them. The Bible does not say when Zipporah and her sons rejoined Reuel/Jethro, only that after he heard of what God did for the Israelites, he brought Moses' family to him. Reuel was so grateful, he decided to receive Moses as a guest in his house and offered up his daughter Zipporah to Moses to marry. Photo Credit: iStock/Getty Images Plus/kieferpix. 4:20 relates that Moses took Zipporah and his two sons, Gershom and Eliezer, when he returned to Egypt, and describes an incident that occurred on their journey in the night encampment. Times 106 (1995): 203205. There, Moses met a man named Jethro and received Jethro's daughter Zipporah in marriage. If you are asking me to give you Zipporah, swear to me that you will not take her far away from me; I will give her to you only upon this condition. Moses immediately swore to him, as it is said: Moses consented [va-yoel] to stay with the man (Ex. According to Jewish tradition, Moses married Zipporah when she saved him from dying after God sent a burning bush to talk to him (Exodus 2:21-22). Answer: Some think Moses married a woman of a different race than he was. Zipporah noticed her husband was at risk and swiftly used a stone to cut their son's foreskin. Ask him in to break bread (Ex. The story is definitely the same, although the name of the Cushite (Ethiopian) queen is different, it is clearly the same history being recorded. Zipporah: Reminding Us Who We Are - Faithward.org She is also described as a practical woman capable of taking action at the right moment. When the cloud removed from over the tent, behold, Miriam was leprous, like snow. He planted the staff in the garden of his house, and no man could approach it. Another interpretation, however, has this danger hovering over Moses, and in order to save him, Zipporah circumcises their son. 2:20). [3] In Exodus 2:18, Jethro is also referred to as Reuel, and in the Book of Judges ( Judges 4:11) as Hobab. The second position is that Moses was negligent regarding his sons circumcision. This story sounds strikingly similar to the story of Excalibur. Moses was aware of Zipporahs qualities and therefore took her for a wife; she adjusted to her role as wife of the leader of the people of Israel, successfully making the transition to royalty. [26] She is the main character in Marek Halter's novel Zipporah, Wife of Moses (2005).[27]. 2:21), understanding the word va-yoel as a customary wording of a vow. Have an update or correction? She is the mother of Moses' two sons: Eliezer, and Gershom. The misconception is that Zipporah was Ethiopian and she was not, she was Shemitic. [12][bettersourceneeded], "Cushite woman" becomes in the Greek Septuagint and Aethiopissa in the Latin Vulgate Bible version (4th century). After Moses kills an Egyptian, he flees from the pharaoh and settles among the Midianites, an Arab people who occupied desert areas in southern Transjordan, northern Arabia, and the Sinai. He spends several decades there before he returns to Egypt to tell Pharaoh to release the Israelites. Your question refers to Numbers 12:1 that states his mate was a Cushite, a term often used to refer to African nations. In each one, she seems to come into conflict with the culture of her husband, as well as being stuck between Moses the man, and Moses the prophet. Strangers in the land were also commanded to observe and fast on the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:29) and additionally adhere to all God's Commandments (Exodus 12:48 - 49). Shalom. He fled from the scene of a crimehe had murdered an Egyptian for being cruel to an Israelite slave. The Healing of Moses Leprous Arm (above) and The Return to Egypt, and Zipporah Circumcising her Son (below).Courtesy of the John Rylands Library, Manchester. Since modesty is appropriate for the relations between a man and his wife, how did Miriam learn of Mosess abstinence? It is called the book of Jasher and it is mentioned in Joshua 10:13 and 2 Samuel 1:18. In a third tradition, the initiative to marry Zipporah came from Moses himself. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2013. That was in the year 2238 after Creation. Zipporah - Wikipedia Ibn Ezra on Exodus 18:2 : , : ( :). Who Was Zipporah and What Can We Learn from Her Life? - Bible Study Tools The stick was then taken by Adam (Jasher 77:43) when he was sent out of the Garden of Eden. On their way, at a night encampment, The Lord met him [Moses] and tried to kill him(Exod 4:24). This article helped to throw more light on issues and matters concerning one of the Biblical figures Moses. Yocheved was the daughter of Levi, Jacob 's son. 21 And Moses was content to dwell with the man: and he gave Moses Zipporah his daughter. Fearn: Christian Focus Publications, 2011. I havent lost my family. It may refer to the African country of Cush (see Gen 10:6; 1 Chr 1:8) or to Midian, the region east of the Gulf of Aqabah from which Zipporah came (see Exod 3:1, 18:1; Hab 3:7). He knew God wanted his son circumcised, and Zipporah felt forced to take action. In-laws have an impact in a relationship: Moses siblings did not like Zipporah and spoke badly about their brother because of it. The Bible records, She gave birth to a son, and he called his name Gershom, for he said, I have been a sojourner in a foreign land (Exodus 2:22). Zipporah, however, understood it and acted decisively to rescue Moses. The two latter midrashim are based on the juxtaposition of the appointment of the seventy elders and the prophesying of Eldad and Medad (Num. Moses defended the girls and watered their flocks. I have an better understanding also who Josephus the historian is and also the book of Jasher. The last mention of Zipporah came while the Hebrews were camped in the wilderness near Mount Sinai. Moses is told that his father-in-law Jethro is coming to see you, with your wife and her two sons (Exod i8:6). Ive read all these accounts and one time believe them to be the same but after reading Josephus to them to be two separate marriages and ladies. Who Was Tharbis and Did Moses Marry Twice? - christianity.com Touched by Greatness Women in the Life of Moses. You can see here that Tharbis is mentioned, not in the bible scriptures, but in the Josephus histories. Zipporah is presented as the leaders wife, who suffers from the life of abstinence decreed for her husband. At some point, God told Moses to bring his family to Egypt in order to free his people. Nor had I heard of the book of Jasher. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Corporation, 1967. Dont forget to share this with someone that needs it. Cushites were of the ancestry of either Kush (Nubia) in northeast Africa, or Arabians. Being married to a person with a passion or calling can be hard: Zipporahs husband confronted the most powerful ruler in the world at the time, saw God so much he was physically changed, and led people through the wilderness for forty years. 1 Now Moses' father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian, heard about all that God had done for Moses and His people Israel, and how the LORD had brought Israel out of Egypt. We first meet Zipporahwho later became Moses's wifeat a well in her hometown of Midian. 39). Before the Giving of the Torah, God ordered Moses to sanctify the people, and he said to them (Ex. Lutzer, Erwin. Moses' First Wife - Zipporah Moses was an exile. After killing an Egyptian, Moses runs away to Midian, where he marries Zipporah, the daughter of the local priest (Exod 2:15-22). Like many other prominent biblical characters, Zipporah is depicted in several works of art. The latter understanding is based on Zipporah's declaration in the following verse (25) that you are truly a bridegroom of blood to me, which is directed to her bridegroom, Moses. Who knows, but it gives me hope to relate to Moses in this thing. The Bible records, "She gave birth to a son, and . The Rabbis suggest that Miriam and Aaron talked about Moses having withdrawn from his wife. While the Israelites/Hebrews were captives in Egypt, Moses killed an Egyptian who was striking a Hebrew, for which offense Pharaoh sought to kill Moses. They then ask why she was called the Cushite woman, since she was a Midianite. Shalom. Does the Bible Condemn Using Tarot Cards? 31 December 1999. Zipporahs actions led to a Talmudic discussion of the ability of women to perform circumcision. All I ever wanted was to protect and provide for them. I bless you for the information and now i have an greater understanding of the life of Moses and his wifes. According to the Rabbis, Miriam intended to praise her brother, and she wanted to increase procreative activity, but nevertheless was punished, because of the severity of gossip (Sifrei on Numbers chap. This information sheds a clear light on the question, whether Moses was married to an Ethiopian? Af and Hemah (the destructive angels of wrath and anger) came and swallowed Moses, leaving only his legs. Moses married an Ethiopian woman who was not of Shemitic lineage, she was Hamitic (this information is only found in the book of Yasher), that is why Miriam spoke against her. 49 And all the mighty men of the Kinites tried to pluck it when they endeavored to get Zipporah his daughter, but they were unsuccessful. Her mysterious life leaves us with more questions than answers, but it does not mean her life was not worth studying. One is that Satan sought to kill the uncircumcised baby, and the appellation a bridegroom [hatan] of blood was given to the child himself, who thereby become a hatan (the title given to the child who undergoes circumcision). She and Moses have two sons, Gershom and Eliezer(Exod 18:34). The Rabbis also find an allusion to Zipporahs beauty in her name, which means gaze and see [zafu ve-rau] how comely she is (Sifrei on Numbers chap. God did not agree, punishing Miriam with leprosy to make an example of their bigotry and pride. The members of Mosess family are not mentioned in the narrative of the ten plagues and the Exodus from Egypt and reappear only in the family reunion in Ex. According to one tradition, Miriam saw that Zipporah no longer adorned herself with womens jewelry, and asked her: Why have you stopped wearing womens ornaments? Zipporah answered: Your brother no longer cares about this. Thus Miriam learned that Moses had abstained from intercourse (Sifrei on Numbers chap. Tsedaka, Benyamim, and Sharon Sullivan, eds. Zipporah is not well rewarded. What Every Christian Should Know about the Protestant Reformation. : 247 Inspiration. Miriam and Aaron spoke about Moses because of the beautiful woman he had married, for he had separated from the beautiful woman he married. This book is mentioned in the scriptures but many people think it doesnt exist. Zipporah's father was a Midianite, which means that she was a Midianite as well. Reuel's daughter, who became the wife of Moses ( Exodus 2:21).In consequence of the event recorded in Exodus 4:24-26, she and her two sons, Gershom and Eliezer, when so far on the way with Moses toward Egypt, were sent back by him to her own kinsfolk, the Midianites, with whom they sojourned till Moses afterwards joined them ( 18:2-6). Zipporahs actions led to a Talmudic discussion of womens ability to perform circumcision. 18:26, when Jethro brings Zipporah and her two sons to Moses in the wilderness, after she had been sent home (v. 2). 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Zipporahs name, meaning bird, combined with her protection of Moses, is reminiscent of the fierce loyalty to her husband Osiris of the Egyptian goddess Isis, who is often portrayed as a bird of prey. Help us elevate the voices of Jewish women. The Torah does not specify when Zipporah left Moses, nor the reason for this parting. One day while he sat by a well, Reuel's daughters came to water their father's flocks. The midrash admits that Moses abstained from intercourse with his wife from the time of the Giving of the Torah, but this was at Gods behest.
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