conditions in which authoritarian states emerged

The Fascists, led by Mussolini, formed a street-fighting group called the Blackshirts to support the landowners. By the early twentieth century, events in one place could have widespread political, economic, and cultural consequences. Fascist squads racked up wins as they marched through the provinces crushing socialists, intimidating liberals, and deposing agents of the state. When they seized power, Fascists had hoped to take over the Italian state completely. Photo of young Italian boys wearing Ballilla uniforms. He is currently working on a dissertation about missionaries, theology, and empire in the 18th and 19th centuries. Paper 2 Questions | PDF | Authoritarianism | Civil War - Scribd 'Hitler and his party would never have come to power without the severe economic and political crisis that engulfed Germany from 1929 onwards' - Overy. Dont assume western democracy will last forever, Ukraine ammunition depot reportedly hit in wave of Russian missile attacks. Historical Conditions. Adolf Hitler was not elected to office and he did not have to seize power. Totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and fascism are all forms of government characterized by a strong central rule that attempts to control and direct all aspects of individual life through coercion and repression. Germany has awakened! Aftermath of World War I and the Rise of Nazism, 1918-1933 -Lateran Treaty: gov recognized papal sovereignty over vatican ( became independent state) POPE recognized italian state Four key weaknesses are manifest. Estonias foreign minister, Margus Tsahkna, said he was seeking to find out why China has such a position or comments about the Baltic states. -took over various unprofitable industries on behalf of the state, -youth groups feuded To what extent did popular support for the aims and ideology of one authoritarian/single-party. Main telephone: 202.488.0400 All nations have an official type of government as designated in the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system demonstrates how local conditions are often unsuited to the ideal type of civil society as delineated in Western values, for instance in cases where numerous political, . Before the onset of the Great Depression in Germany in 1929-1930, the National Socialist German Workers' Party (or Nazi Party for short) was a small party on the radical right of the German political spectrum. Cameroons President Paul Biya vanished in March for over two months, while in Nicaragua, President Daniel Ortega has ducked from public view for extended periods twice, including once for more than a month. Hitler spoke to the SA, his army of storm troopers. 100. The Hitler Youth in Germany, for example, had much in common with Mussolini's youth associations. What were his aims economically and socially? New social problems emerged from the impact of rapid industrialization and the growth of cities. In someincluding Algeria, Armenia, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Sudanprotests have driven leaders out of power. - Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion, the role of leaders, ideology, the use of force, propaganda. The first world war, from 1914 to 1918, was fought throughout Europe and beyond. The post illustrates what we call organic online politics, or forms of digital mobilization that grow from specific rural conditions, material concerns, and repertoires of resistance.In advancing this concept, we argue that online politics are shaped not only by authoritarian repression and national political trajectories, but also by rural communities and their histories. Emergence of a German Authoritarian State - Matteo Aprile IB History Explore Museum suggestions for where to begin teaching about the Holocaust. 1.) Consolidation and maintenance of power. Namely, that certain groups, especially Jews, could not assimilate and would have to be removed entirely so the nation could thrive. Conditions in China before 1911 Until the 19th century, China was a very conservative nation. German imperialism was long based on a theory of colonial growth, called. This is a list of key notes that you can use in paper 2 as the most important factors that need to be studied as recommended by the History guide. 93-4 - Outline the relationship between Cuba + the USSR over the 1960s. Vietnams leaders, for example, responded to the countrys first confirmed infections as early as January, imposing travel restrictions and quarantines with a speed that made it a textbook case of an effective response to the public health emergency. Direct link to Yagnesh Peddatimmareddy's post mussolini created a dicta, Posted a month ago. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system, 2.) By the end of the second close read, you should be able to answer the following questions: Finally, here are some questions that will help you focus on why this article matters and how it connects to other content youve studied. These problems range from refusals to recognize the severity of the problem to the suppression of valuable domestic voices or sources of information, disorganized policy responses, and unwillingness to maintain the lockdown measures that would safeguard their populations. Weimar Republic: -Unpopular economic policies. "The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by economic factors." Discuss with reference to two authoritarian states. The Fascists learned that paramilitary violence was an effective political tool. The projection of national power overseas resonated with many Italians. The early deterioration of the post-colonial African state into personalized and authoritarian rule in this manner mirrored the concerns that anchor refugee law in the first place as a special regime for persons who have well-grounded fear of persecution by reason of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or . Emergence of authoritarian states. The fighting nourished the Fascists belief in violence as the true path to manhood. Discuss with refto two authoritarian states. Standards of behavior were changing. Crime was on the rise. They regulated marriage and sexual intercourse between the two groups, and stripped citizenship from both Jews and Roma. Mussolini, founder of the Italian National Fascist party, was among the first to experiment in this way. Stalin and his supporters identified their enemies in political and social ways. ROMAN CATHOLICISM= official state religion of Italy, Authoritarian control was never completely achieved bc M had to SHARE power with TRADITIONAL italian groups such as the monarchy and the catholic church. Millions of veterans were crippled in body and in spirit. -unmarried men 35+ were taxed more 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW The skim should be very quick and give you the gist (general idea) of what the article is about. They did not use race. -Political instability. The French president caused anger and alarm when he said Europe needed to avoid getting drawn into a US-China conflict over crises that are not ours, namely the status of Taiwan. Some democratic leaders have displayed weakness and avoidance, tried to suppress contrary voices, failed to work effectively with local authorities, and refrained from implementing much-needed public health measures out of concern about their economic impact. In 1938 Mussolini published a "Manifesto of Fascist Racism." In 1931, Japanese forces invaded Manchuria, in China. He also supported the brutal suppression of anti-colonial resistance in Libya. - Mussolini was arrested and executed by a group of Italian Partisans, Battle over Southern Problem: Fail (wanted to build villages in sicily) In 1935 Italy invaded Ethiopia, and used similar harsh tactics. We include resources for teaching with limited class time, for English/Language Arts, and for History classes. To what extent did the structure and organization of government in Germany between 1933 and 1939 contribute to Hitlers maintenance of power? 82 - How did Castro establish his government, and what challenges arose? David Wong was a 20192020 James C. Gaither Junior Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and is currently working on a digital start-up. It may be all, some, or none: Photo of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini walking besides decorated members of the Italian military. Emergence of authoritarian states Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system. They believed victory on the battlefield abroad would bring back the glory of ancient Rome and show the world Italy was a real player in the "game of empire." Citizens surging discontent toward many authoritarian countries may not necessarily translate into immediate political instability or change. The three themes for this topic are: 1. From this year onward, Italy moved closer and closer to the Nazi position. A new and unfamiliar democratic form of governmentthe Weimar Republicreplaced the authoritarian empire and immediately faced daunting challenges. Resistance was muted (unnoticed) at first, but grew rapidly as Japanese forces attacked the Chinese capital of Nanjing. Compare and contrast the impact of the policies of two authoritarian states on women. (Nov 10)), Analyse the circumstances that helpedoneright-wing leader to become the ruler of a single-party state. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system; Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force . -Must give jobs to men The unstable authoritarian pathway that so many states followed after colonial rule was . 2 . Washington, DC 20024-2126 It became clear that Socialism was one of Fascisms main political enemies. that a minimum of three authoritarian states should be studied. Introduction to IB History Paper 2 - IB Wisdom For the first time, women were working outside the home in large numbers, and the new constitution gave women the right to vote. Paris, 1900. Crises states are induced by: War, including the aftermath of war. Four key weaknesses are manifest. By using this website, you agree to our cookie policy. competitive authoritarian regimes "contest seriously for power" (2010a, 5). Building Civil Society In Authoritarian China Importance Of . Today's China is not yesterday's Soviet Union. Many other Japanese citizens, however, embraced the cause of nationalism and military expansion. 1 Not only is the proportion of authoritarian states on the decline, but the proportion of authoritarian states that have institutions conventionally associated . If two examples are required these will need to be from different regions. In the broadest sense, totalitarianism is characterized by strong central rule that attempts to control and direct all aspects of individual life through coercion and repression. Mussolini came to power eleven years before Hitler did, and Italian Fascists were active as early as 1919. Italian rule included segregation, and policies prohibited interracial relations. The devastating economic effects of lockdown measures have pressured all governments to find a workable balance between public health concerns and citizens economic needs. (goal: increase acceptance of fascist ideology {many ignored indoctrination aspects}), 3.) Could a Long-Ruling Party Fall in Paraguay? Fear of revolution. 1 E TNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS f2 ETNOPOLTKA ARATIRMALARI DERGS Alt aylk yaygn sreli uluslararas dergi mtiyaz Sahibi: Gler Kalay Genel Yayn Ynetmeni/Editr: Gler Kalay Yayn Kurulu: Prof. Havva KK ARSLAN, skdar niversitesi, Trkiye Prof. Babak REZVANI, Amsterdam niversitesi . (May 2009), Compare and contrast the domestic policies of Hitler and Stalin up to the outbreak of the Second World War. These tactics worked at a time when communists felt threatened by both fascists and capitalist democracies in Europe. Compare and contrast the methods used to maintain power in two authoritarian states, each from a different region. In the early 1930s, the frequency of elections was dizzying. It got a bad name': the death of the post-Soviet dream, Russia-Ukraine war as it happened: explosion derails Russian train; at least 34 injured after Pavlohrad attack, Myhunting trip with Yeltsin killed off the Soviet Union, UKexpected to stop funding Chinese state-linked Mandarin teaching schools, Russia-Ukraine war at a glance: what we know on day 432 of the invasion, TheSoviet Union collapsed overnight. The mixed record of authoritarians responses to the coronavirus undercuts any simple conclusion that the pandemic will bolster authoritarianism globally over the long term. Key Weaknesses Plaguing Authoritarians. PDF (It would not hurt to check the - St. Louis Public Schools The Nazi Party recruited, organized, and produced a newspaper to spread its message. One example is the Holocaust during the Second World War. She has taught at Sonoma State University and Stanford. To what extent did economic factors contribute to the emergence of two authoritarian states, each from a di erent region? 81-82 - What events and influences caused him to adopt an increasingly Communist position? The democratic elections of Weimar Germany were idealistic, as they allowed representation of a wide cross-section of society in the Government. 2016. Alternatively, some regimes also must grapple with the demands of influential societal sectors, even at the expense of delaying the governments response to the pandemic. - Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system . Although many Japanese civilians were not supportive of these military efforts, it became dangerous to question the government or the military. DP History: Topic 10: Authoritarian States (20th Century) Through violence, they had become what one historian called, "a. Topic 10 Authoritarian states (20th century) 19. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social . Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Now that youve skimmed the article, you should preview the questions you will be answering. Compare and contrast the methods used to maintain power in two authoritarian states, each from a different region. DOCX DR. SIELINSKI - IB HISTORY - Home 'The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by. The fighting in northern Italy had shaped the Fascist movement in four ways: By 1922, with these experiences behind them, Mussolini and his followers liked their chances of taking over Italy. Japan still had a problem of too few natural resources, and they needed minerals, timber, and oil from abroad. 3. The independent sovereign nations that emerged after the fall of the former Soviet Union "don't have effective status under international law because there is not an international agreement . Advances in the technology of killing included the use of poison gas. They would destroy their political opponents and, under Mussolinis leadership, create a totalitarian state. Causes and effects of war: Chinese Civil War, H/L The People's Republic of China 1949-2005, http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2016-03-09/guest-post-message-voting-cattle?page=1, http://paxonbothhouses.blogspot.jp/2014/10/hitler-i-am-acting-as-agent-of-our.html, Cambridge paper - re.opposition to Nazism, http://www.casahistoria.net/ibrevision.htm, In 1943, hundreds of German women saved their Jewish husbands from deathcamps, Propaganda in Authoritarian States - Trump's laughter and clapping instigators, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpHRvuVvrDU, https://medium.com/@laurennreiff/how-do-you-think-nazism-happened-4662332b6c4b, www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1Zxy3Z2i34&has_verified=1, https://www.ted.com/talks/sviatlana_tsikhanouskaya_how_to_be_fearless_in_the_face_of_authoritarianism?utm_source=newsletter_daily&utm_campaign=daily&utm_medium=email&utm_content=button__2020-11-12#t-24, "Final Account" taken from The Guardian 12/03/2021. The German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier warned this year that there is a "worldwide fascination with authoritarianism".. The Chinese side respects the status of the member states as sovereign states after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mao said, adding that on the issue of territorial sovereignty, Beijings position was consistent and clear. Unpopular or tyrannical governments. Ukraine war latest: Dozens injured by Russia's overnight attacks; Pope The maintenance of power was dependent on the successful control of opposition.. The theoretical framework of this study on democratic and authoritarian post-colonial states is based on an historical study of the emergence of the dominant class forces that shaped the types of regimes found in Malaysia and Indonesia. This fascination with some of the darkest aspects of our shared past has meant that there is a huge wealth of material written about . Thomas Carothers is senior vice president for studies and the Harvey V. Fineberg Chair for Democracy Studies at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Before you read the article, you should skim it first. And indeed, rising instability, aggression, racism, and fear triggered the eruption of the Second World War. GOEBBELS [speaking German]: Account for theineffectiveness of internal opposition to two rulers of single-party states. Emergence of authoritarian states Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the The Italian foreign minister, Antonio Tajani, said he also disagreed with Lus comments. Italians convinced themselves that this firepower made them superior to their Ethiopian victims. Compare and contrast the conditions that led to the rise to power of two authoritarian/single-party leaders. To probe the potential political consequences of the pandemic for authoritarian regimes, it is useful to look more closely at why many have fallen short in their responses to the coronavirus. How colonial rule predisposed Africa to fragile authoritarianism First he attacked the Greek island of Corfu. - How did Cuba survive this economic crisis according to Balfour? Nationalism, independence movements Mao - Vocab - Google Docs We can see how Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and others began to attack journalists, control the flow of information, and stir up nationalism by persecuting ethnic minorities or invading desirable lands. A fascist regime is a government that embraces extreme nationalism, violence, and action with the goal of internal cleansing and external expansion. (May 2006), Analyse thenature and extent of internal opposition and the methods used to deal with this opposition by Stalin, Evaluate the contribution to the rise to power of Hitler of each of the following: National Socialist ideology; the use of force; economic crises. - How did the collapse of the USSR affect Cuba? Japan already had some colonies, including Korea, but many military and business leaders argued that Japan deserved to rule most of Asia. (Nov 2006. How were German and Italian justifications for expansion similar? The Rise of Democratic and Authoritarian POST - States: the Case of Photo of Mussolini and Hitler standing next to each other, each dressed in their military uniforms. Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda . It is hollowing out democratic institutions and enhancing the tools of repression in developing countries. By the end of the second close read, you should be able to answer the following questions: Finally, here are some questions that will help you focus on why this article matters and how it connects to other content youve studied. 2023 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Political Instability. Direct link to Faviel Rapalo's post this was cool. Adolf Hitler. INTRODUCTION. Use of legal methods; use of force; charismatic leadership; dissemination of . Examine the role of education and propaganda in the maintenance of power in Maos China. (Nov 2010), Evaluate the successes and failures of one ruler of a single-party state (May 2007, 2005), In what ways, and with what results, was propaganda used byoneruler of a single-party state?
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