gulf of mexico international waters map

[31][32] Items were knocked from shelves and seiches were observed in swimming pools in parts of Florida. Credit: BOEM. Caribbean Sea | Definition, Location, Map, Islands, & Facts Geoscientists created a mosaic of more than 100 of their highest-quality bathymetry maps, interpreted on seismic surveys originally shot by 15 different geophysical companies. Boundary Maps and Management Zones | FWC Uncovering the Secrets of the Gulf of Mexico's Deep Waters. It is also usually associated with warm waters visible in Sea Surface Temperature. The tidal range is small, averaging less than two feet in most places; in general, only diurnal tides occuri.e., one period of high water and one of low water during each tidal day (24 hours and 50 minutes). It is connected to the Atlantic Ocean by the Straits of Florida, running between the peninsula of Florida and the island of Cuba, and to the Caribbean Sea by the Yucatn Channel, which runs between the Yucatn Peninsula and Cuba. Para espaol, por favor haga clic aqu Key Message: NOAA Fisheries requests your comments on the proposed rule implementing regulations for Amendment 1 to each of the Puerto Rico, St. Croix, and St. Thomas and St. John Fishery Management Plans.. Amendment 1 addresses the use and definition of buoy gear, which is a type of hook-and-line gear type used by commercial fishermen targeting deep . Res. Geol., 92(78), 863879, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.92.7-8.863. Geol., 20, 677690,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2003.01.002. On March 13, 2009, the CLCS accepted Mexico's arguments for extending its continental shelf up to 350 nautical miles (650km; 400mi) into the Western Polygon. From the floor of the basin rise the Sigsbee Knolls, some of which attain heights of 1,300 feet (400 metres); these are surface expressions of the buried salt domes. However, the Gulf is shallower; when a hurricane passes over the water temperature may drop but it soon rebounds and becomes capable of supporting another tropical storm. The Yucatn platform was emergent until the mid-Cretaceous. Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, an improved navigable waterway along the Gulf Coast of the United States, extending from Apalachee Bay, Florida, westward to the Mexican border at Brownsville, Texas, a distance of more than 1,100 miles (1,770 km). The contract gave him one year to gather an army, leave Spain, be large enough to found at least two towns of 100 people each, and garrison two more fortresses anywhere along the coast. There is extreme variability in both current direction and speed on the continental shelf and in the coastal waters of the gulf, where currents are subjected to seasonal and annual variations caused not only by major circulation patterns but also by changes in the prevailing wind direction. U.S. Maritime Limits & Boundaries - U.S. Office of Coast Survey Gulf of Mexico Data Atlas | National Centers for Environmental There were no reports of damage or injuries. At this point, sufficient circulation with the Atlantic Ocean was established that the deposition of Louann Salt ceased. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Track of Hurricane Katrina (2005) overlaid on Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential (TCHP) conditions in the Gulf of Mexico on August 20, 2005. The floor of the Gulf of Mexico is one of the most geologically interesting stretches of the Earth's surface. Habitats and Biota of the Gulf of Mexico: An Overview. This inflow affects the local dynamics and ecosystems of the northern Gulf of Mexico and beyond, as the brackish waters from the Mississippi River can sometimes be transported by the Loop Current as far as the Atlantic Ocean. This map integrates layers from the Gulf of Mexico Data Atlas into a single environment that allows users to select and view datasets individually or simultaneously. The German submarine U-166 was a Type IXC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. initialized and verified by satellite observations. Salt tectonics sculpt the geologic strata and seafloor in the Gulf of Mexico like few other places on Earth. GULF OF MEXICO Stats: Title: GULF OF MEXICO: This chart covers part of America's Great Loop: Scale: 1:2160000: Min Longitude-98.11: Min Latitude: 17.78 . view from tx . In May 2007, an expedition, led by Texas A&M University and funded by OGGC under an agreement with the Minerals Management Service (now BOEM), was launched to undertake the deepest scientific archaeological excavation ever attempted at that time to study the site on the seafloor and recover artifacts for eventual public display in the Louisiana State Museum. Call KO'OX Dive Shop Cancun +52 998 980 0331. The team labored until September 12 to salvage the Padre Island treasure. On the shelf and on the slope that dips downward to the abyssal plain, buried salt domes occur at various depths; economically important deposits of oil and natural gas are associated with them. Cleanup operations were resumed after conditions became favorable. NOAA biologists, aware of BOEMs expansive seafloor database, requested that its geoscientists create a semiregional map that NOAA could use to model the area affected by the oil plume. [33] The earthquake was described by the USGS as an intraplate earthquake, the largest and most widely felt recorded in the past three decades in the region. Iran seizes oil tanker in Gulf, U.S. Navy says - Yahoo News DUBAI, United Arab Emirates . Iberville's fleet sailed from Brest on October 24, 1698. The Gulf of Mexico contains large deposits of petroleum and natural gas. The main dynamical feature of the Gulf of Mexico is the Loop Current, which is a portion, upstream of the Gulf Stream, of the North Atlantic western boundary current that carries ocean waters from the Tropics towards the high latitudes. The US portion of the Gulf coastline spans 1,680 miles (2,700km), receiving water from 33 major rivers that drain 31 states. Pet. They created a mosaic of more than 100 of their highest-quality bathymetry maps, spanning water depths of 40 to 3379 meters and interpreted on seismic surveys originally shot by 15 different geophysical companies. Three locations, E-1, E-3 and E-4, are located off the west coast of Florida. The Gulf of Mexico is a semi-enclosed basin connected, to the south, to the Caribbean Sea, and to the North Atlantic Ocean to the east. Baja California Peninsula - WorldAtlas In the Atlantic, a hurricane will draw up cool water from the depths and making it less likely that further hurricanes will follow in its wake (warm water being one of the preconditions necessary for their formation). of Oceanogr. To the south it is bounded by the coasts of Venezuela, Colombia, and Panama; to the west by Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, Belize, and the Yucatn Peninsula of Mexico; to . Bays Links: en.wikipedia.org By: aicra. # Status of multilateral conventions and instruments in respect of which the International Maritime Organization or its Secretary-General . [12] The rifting was associated with zones of weakness within Pangea, including sutures where the Laurentia, South American, and African plates collided to create it. Surface Chlorophyll-a concentration (mg/m3) measured by MODIS satellite on August 7, 2015. Since this would extend Mexico's continental shelf well into territory claimed by the United States, however, Mexico and the U.S. would need to enter a bilateral agreement based on international law that delimits their respective claims. Geologists and other Earth scientists agree in general that the present Gulf of Mexico basin originated in Late Triassic time as the result of rifting within Pangea. ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis. The Gulf of Mexico Data Atlas provides information about the physical environment, marine resources, socioeconomic activity and other aspects of the Gulf of Mexico that can be used to identify baseline conditions, status, and trends of the ecosystem. Other circulation features include the anticyclonic gyres which are shed by the Loop Current and travel westward where they eventually dissipate and a permanent cyclonic gyre in the Bay of Campeche. NOAA/AOML developed an index based on satellite data, that maps where the conditions are favorable for the presence of bluefin tuna larvae. During this time, meteorologic and oceanographic conditions are conducive for hurricanes to develop anywhere in the gulf. We thank CGG Services (U.S.), Inc.; ExxonMobil Corporation; PGS; Seitel, Inc.; Spectrum USA; TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company; and WesternGeco, LLC for granting us permission to publish their data. Rosel E. P.. Corkeron P.. Engleby L.. Epperson D.. Mullin D. K.. Soldevilla S. M.. Taylor L. B.. 2016. Muller-Karger, V.H. Go back. In the U.S. portion of the Gulf of Mexico, few areas are covered by only a single survey (some are covered by four or more), and the interpreters needed to compare one with another to determine which was made using the best data. Gulf Of Mexico (TX, FL) nautical chart and water depth map - FisherMap [21] In his letters, Vespucci described this trip, and once Juan de la Cosa returned to Spain, a famous world map, depicting Cuba as an island, was produced. Because it is warmer than the surrounding water (65F or 18C compared to 39F or 4C), animals are attracted to it, but cannot survive once they enter it. The white dots mark the locations of both Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary sites. During periods when the volume of the Mississippis flow is greatest, salinities as low as 14 to 20 parts per thousand occur as far as some 20 to 30 miles (30 to 50 km) offshore. Additional data layers include model data such as sea surface currents, overlays for bathymetry, location names and other contextual information. The remainder of the shelf consists of sand, silt, and clay sediments. Its floor consists of sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. Iran navy seizes Marshall Islands oil tanker in Gulf of Oman As part of the project educational outreach Nautilus Productions in partnership with BOEM, Texas A&M University, the Florida Public Archaeology Network[35] and Veolia Environmental produced a one-hour HD documentary[36] about the project, short videos for public viewing and provided video updates during the expedition. The southeastern portion of the gulf is traversed by a riverlike current that becomes the main source of the North Atlantic Gulf Stream; this is the principal current moving oceanic waters through the gulf. In 1518 Velzquez put him in command of an expedition to explore and secure the interior of Mexico for colonization. The terms international waters or transboundary waters apply where any of the following types of bodies of water (or their drainage basins) transcend international boundaries: oceans, large marine ecosystems, enclosed or semi-enclosed regional seas and estuaries, rivers, lakes, groundwater systems (), and wetlands. RESEARCH SPOTLIGHTSGeophysical Research LettersNeural Networks Map the Ebb and Flow of Tiny PondsBy Sarah Derouin, EDITORS' HIGHLIGHTSCommunity ScienceCollaboration Helps Overcome Challenges in Air Quality MonitoringBy Muki Haklay, EDITORS' VOXReviews of GeophysicsWhat We Know and Dont Know About Climate Tipping ElementsBy Seaver Wang. International waters - Wikipedia This was ranked as the largest oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico until the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010. In review at Marine Pollution Bulletin. [18], The Gulf of Mexico is 41 percent continental slope, 32 percent continental shelf, and 24 percent abyssal plain with the greatest depth of 12,467 feet in the Sigsbee Deep. NOAA Gulf of Mexico Data Atlas - National Centers for Environmental It is hypothesized that the salt precipitated out of hypersaline seawater when Africa and South America pulled away from North America during the Triassic and Jurassic, some 200 million years ago. Soc., 18, 290296. Hastings, D. and P.K. Video footage from the ROV was an integral part of this outreach and used extensively in the Mystery Mardi Gras Shipwreck documentary.[37]. McConnell, D. R., and B. He cast anchor between Cat Island and Ship Island; and on February 13, 1699, he went to the mainland, Biloxi, with his brother Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville. Offshore spreading of Mississippi waters: pathways and vertical structure under eddy influence. What mineral resources are found in the Gulf of Mexico? Measuring oil residence time with GPS-drifters, satellites and unmanned aerial systems (UAS) With a resolution as fine as 149 square meters per pixel, about equal to the areal footprint of an American single-family house, BOEMs bathymetry map is at least 16 times higher in resolution than the map historically used for the northern GOM. [53] It was in the process of being sealed with cement for temporary abandonment, to avoid environmental problems. This map integrates layers from the Gulf of Mexico Data Atlas into a single environment that allows users to select and view datasets individually or simultaneously. High Seas. [43] The Gulf of Mexico yields more finfish, shrimp, and shellfish annually than the south and mid-Atlantic, Chesapeake, and New England areas combined. Top Spots for Scuba Diving in Mexico (MAP) Cozumel. This meant that BOEMs map could not include certain areas of the shelf, making it smaller than the historic NOAA map, which does cover the shelf. Most of the basin was rimmed during the Early Cretaceous by carbonate platforms, and its western flank was involved during the latest Cretaceous and early Paleogene periods in a compressive deformation episode, the Laramide Orogeny, which created the Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Mexico. She is believed to have been a privateer or trader. This process is strengthened by the local ocean circulation inside the Gulf of Mexico, as the Loop Current and associated Rings are marked by a surface layer of warm waters that is thicker than in the rest of the Gulf. South Florida Continental Shelf and Slope, Learn how and when to remove this template message, U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement, List of invasive marine fish in the Gulf of Mexico, United States Environmental Protection Agency, "Gulf of Mexico a sea in Atlantic Ocean", "Late Jurassic aptychi from the La Caja Formation of northeastern Mexico", "Cenozoic evolution of sediment accumulation in deltaic and shore-zone depositional systems, Northern Gulf of Mexico Basin", "Deep-Sea Brine Lake Dubbed 'Jacuzzi of Despair', https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3447-8_1, "Christopher Columbus - The second and third voyages", "Amerigo Vespucci | Biography, Accomplishments, & Facts", "National Water Program Guidance: FY 2005", "Warm Waters Provide Fuel for Potential Storms", National Centers for Environmental Information, "6.0 Magnitude Earthquake in Gulf of Mexico Shakes Southeast", United States Geological Survey, September 11, 2006, "Mexico's Attempt to Extend its Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles Serves as a Model for the International Community, Mexican Law Review, Volume V, Number 2, Jan. June 2013", "Mystery Mardi Gras Shipwreck Documentary", "Historic Shipwrecks in the Gulf of Mexico", "The Discovery of U 166: Rewriting History with New Technology", STATUS REVIEW OF BRYDES WHALES (BALAENOPTERA EDENI) IN THE GULF OF MEXICO UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT, "Smithsonian Holdings to Aid Researchers in the Gulf", "Testimony to the Subcommittee on Insular Affairs, Oceans and Wildlife; Committee on Natural Resources; U.S. House of Representatives", "The Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone and Red Tides", "A 'Dead Zone' in The Gulf of Mexico: Scientists Say Area That Cannot Support Some Marine Life Is Near Record Size", "New Jersey-Size 'Dead Zone' Is Largest Ever in Gulf of Mexico", "Extensive Reproductive Disruption, Ovarian Masculinization and Aromatase Suppression in Atlantic Croaker in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone", "Burning oil rig sinks, setting stage for spill; 11 still missing", "Size of Spill in Gulf of Mexico Is Larger Than Thought", "Race to plug leaking oil well off La. Church and Daniel J. Warren. This was the first European encounter with an advanced civilization in the Americas, with solidly built buildings and a complex social organization which they recognized as being comparable to those of the Old World; they also had reason to expect that this new land would have gold. Salt deposits, a remnant of an ocean that existed some 200 million years ago, behave in a certain way when overlain by heavy sediments. This leak created a visible 2 by 13 miles (3.2 by 20.9km) oil slick in the sea about 97 miles (156km) south of Port Fourchon, Louisiana, according to the U.S. Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement. (2004), Deep-sea furrows: Physical characteristics, mechanisms of formation and associated environmental processes, RPSEA Rep. 0018-04, 4 pp., Dep. The Gulf of Mexico is an excellent example of a passive margin. The oldest surveys in this database date back to the 1980s. of New Orleans, New Orleans, La. [42] Recently, resident Bryde's whales within the gulf were classified as an endemic, unique subspecies and making them as one of the most endangered whales in the world. There are frequent "red tide" algae blooms[46] that kill fish and marine mammals and cause respiratory problems in humans and some domestic animals when the blooms reach close to shore. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Because of its narrow connection to the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. [34] Mexico sought an extension of its continental shelf in the Western Polygon based on international law, UNCLOS, and bilateral treaties with the United States, in accordance with Mexico's domestic legislation. [3] It is bounded on the northeast, north and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States; on the southwest and south by the Mexican states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Tabasco, Campeche, Yucatan, and Quintana Roo; and on the southeast by Cuba. Omissions? The hurricane season officially runs from June 1 to November 30, during which time meteorologic and oceanographic conditions are conducive for hurricanes to develop anywhere in the gulf. Both seasonal and annual variations occur in these loop currents. To the northwest, north, and northeast it is bounded by the southern coast of the United States, while to the west, south, and southeast it is bounded by the east coast of Mexico. Mergers and acquisitions through the years meant that instead of being required to ask 15 companies for permission to publish, BOEM needed to request it from only 7: CGG Services (U.S.), Inc.; ExxonMobil Corporation; Petroleum Geo-Services (PGS); Seitel, Inc.; Spectrum USA; TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Company; and WesternGeco, LLC. The badly damaged Robert E. Lee first listed to port then to starboard and finally sank within about 15 minutes of the attack. Meandering masses of water, called loop currents, break off from the main stream and also move clockwise into the northeastern part of the gulf. Gulf Coast Assoc. Although the Spanish voyage of Christopher Columbus was credited with the discovery of the Americas by Europeans, the ships in his four voyages never reached the Gulf of Mexico. UTIG Rep., Oil Co. Gulf Coast Assoc. It has been called the "Jacuzzi of Despair". BOEM researchers constructed the map using BOEMs confidential database of 3-D seismic surveys, each survey having been originally shot by the oil and gas industry in their search for hydrocarbons. A ship now called the Mardi Gras sank around the early 19th century about 35mi (56km) off the coast of Louisiana in 4,000 feet (1,200m) of water. [8][14][15], To the east, the stable Florida platform was not covered by the sea until the latest Jurassic or the beginning of Cretaceous time. After the attack she was under escort by USS PC-566, captained by Lieutenant Commander Herbert G. Claudius, en route to New Orleans. New Orleans Theses Diss. by John A. Haymond 2/8/2022. . Kourafalou, D. Otis, K.A. In addition to 15% of U.S. oil and 1% of natural gas, the Bureau estimates undiscovered recoverable oil is in the 23.31-to-36.27-Bbbl range, and gas resources between 46.88 Tcfg and 62.56 Tcfg . Kang, M. Le Hnaff, and O. As early as the Maya Civilization, the Gulf of Mexico was used as a trade route off the coast of the Yucatn Peninsula and present-day Veracruz. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24. The site cannot sustain any kind of life other than bacteria, mussels with a symbiotic relationship, tube worms and certain kinds of shrimp. Share. Gulf of Mexico in Gulf of Mexico, International Waters (Google Maps) Nautical navigation features include advanced instrumentation to gather wind speed direction, water temperature, . Finally, the Gulf of Mexico is also part of the North Atlantic warm pool that forms in summer. The DeepWater Horizon oil slick: High resolution model simulations of river front effects, The new high-resolution grid is downloadable from the BOEM website. Bryant, W., et al. The Gulf of Mexico borders the southeastern coast of North America. Regional Report- Gulf of Mexico Bottom-water temperatures of about 43 F (6 C) have been recorded near the northern part of the Yucatn Channel. [8][9][13][14] Seafloor spreading stopped at the end of Jurassic time, about 145150million years ago. Decree of 28 August 1968 delimiting the Mexican Territorial Sea within the Gulf of California Mexico Straight Baselines 200NM boundaries Mexico Digital Documents: 200NM limit . Fed State Water Boundary - Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council here. Iran seized a Marshall Islands-flagged oil tanker in the Gulf of Oman in international waters on Thursday, the U.S. Navy said, the latest in a series of seizures or attacks on commercial vessels in sensitive Gulf waters since 2019. 1 Aug 1999. Earthquakes may be caused by interactions between sediment loading on the sea floor and adjustment by the crust.[30]. Another fascinating feature of the Gulf of Mexico is the signature of the Mississippi River, one of the largest rivers in the world, which discharges gigantic amounts of fresh water and nutrients into the Gulf. An October 2007 study of the Atlantic croaker found a disproportioned sex ratio of 61% males to 39% females in hypoxic Gulf sites. Hole, H.-S. Kang, G. Staples, E. Ramirez, Former Director, Marine Policy Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts, 198694. The Loop Current indeed carries warm waters from the Caribbean Sea into the colder Gulf of Mexico, and then into the North Atlantic Ocean. The consensus among geologists[4][8][9] who have studied the geology of the Gulf of Mexico is that before the Late Triassic, the Gulf of Mexico did not exist. During the Late Jurassic, continued rifting widened the Gulf of Mexico and progressed to the point that sea-floor spreading and formation of oceanic crust occurred. In 1973 the United States Environmental Protection Agency prohibited the dumping of undiluted chemical waste by manufacturing interests into the Gulf and the military confessed to similar behavior in waters off Horn Island. (with map). Androulidakis Y., V. Kourafalou, T. zgkmen, O. GarciaPineda, B. Lund, M. Le Hnaff, C. Hu, B.K. The sonar contacts consisted of two large sections lying approximately 500 feet (150m) apart at either end of a debris field that indicated the presence of a U-boat. [27] River drainage and atmospheric fallout from industrial coastal cities also provide nutrients to the coastal zone. The Dynamics of Cuba Anticyclones (CubANs) and Interaction With the Loop Current/Florida Current System. Measuring oil residence time with GPS-drifters, satellites, and unmanned aerial systems (UAS). The gulf's peculiar history gave rise to a . BOEM scientists decided that the seismic data acquired on the GOMs shallow shelf often contain too much noise for the seafloor interpreter to accurately determine where the water ends and the sediment begins. Gulf of Mexico, Spanish Golfo de Mxico, partially landlocked body of water on the southeastern periphery of the North American continent. In 1506, Hernn Corts took part in the conquest of Hispaniola and Cuba, receiving a large estate of land and indigenous slaves for his effort. These organisms consume the hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide released from those seeps. (2017). Geoscientists realized the potential they had available to them: They could combine the rest of their seafloor maps to cover most of the northern Gulf of Mexico under deep water. Our 3-D seismic database of confidential data covers 350,000 square kilometers of the Gulf of Mexico. All of this encouraged two further expeditions, the first in 1518 under the command of Juan de Grijalva, and the second in 1519 under the command of Hernn Corts, which led to the Spanish exploration, military invasion, and ultimately settlement and colonization known as the Conquest of Mexico. (left) Surface Chlorophyll-a (colors, mg/m3) observed from MODIS Aqua on May 21, 2015. This land lay south of a continuous mountain range that extended from north-central Mexico, through the Marathon Uplift in West Texas and the Ouachita Mountains of Oklahoma, and to Alabama where it linked directly to the Appalachian Mountains. TCHP represents the quantity of heat available in the oceans upper layer. With its crystal clear waters, vibrant marine life, and stunning underwater landscapes, Mexico offers some of the best scuba diving opportunities in the world. thesis, Univ. Garcia-Pineda, O., Y. Androulidakis, M. Le Hnaff, V. Kourafalou, L. R. Hole, H.-S Kang, G. Staples, E. Ramirez, L. DiPinto (2019). The Mexican portion of the Gulf coastline spans 1,743 miles (2,805km). The gulfs greatest east-west and north-south extents are approximately 1,100 and 800 miles (1,800 and 1,300 km), respectively, and it covers an area of some 600,000 square miles (1,550,000 square km). 4 Apr 1993. . The Southern U.S. states of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, which border the Gulf on the north, are often referred to as the "Third Coast" of the United States (in addition to its Atlantic and Pacific coasts). They compact, deform, squeeze into cracks, and balloon into overlying material. Where Do International Waters Begin? - HistoryNet Particularly damaging hurricanes included one in Galveston, Texas, in 1900 and another in and around New Orleans in 2005. OpenSeaMap - The free nautical chart Text not subject to copyright.Except where otherwise noted, images are subject to copyright. In 1523, a treasure ship was wrecked en route along the coast of Padre Island, Texas. Hudec, M. R., et al. Marine Pollution Bulletin, In Press. This fort was known as Fort Maurepas or Old Biloxi. The deepest point of the Gulf of Mexico is called Sigsbee Deep. In the open gulf the salinity is comparable to that of the North Atlantic, about 36 parts per thousand. Similar: Guantanamo Bay. The continental shelf forms an almost continuous terrace around the margin of the gulf; its width varies from a maximum of more than 200 miles (320 km) to a minimum of about 25 miles (40 km). Off the west coast of Florida as well as off the Yucatn Peninsula, the continental shelf consists of a broad area composed primarily of carbonate material. Instead, the Spanish sailed into the Caribbean around Cuba and Hispaniola. Additionally, the gulf's shoreline is fringed by numerous bays and smaller inlets. Geol. Water from the Caribbean enters through the Yucatn Channel, the floor of which forms a sill (submarine ridge between basins) at about 1 mile (1.6 km) beneath the surface, and flows out in a clockwise direction via the Straits of Florida.
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